ABSTRACT
R = pipe radius (m²),γ = specific weight (N/m³)
J = junction point (m),I = moment of inertia )( 4m A = Pipe cross-sectional area (m²)r= pipe radius (m)
d = pipe diameter(m),dp = is subjected to a static pressure rise
Eν = bulk modulus of elasticity,α = kinetic energy correction factor P = surge pressure (m),ρ = density (kg/m3)
C = velocity of surge wave (m/s),g = acceleration of gravity (m/s²)
ΔV = changes in velocity of water (m/s),K = wave number
Tp = pipe thickness (m), Ep = pipe module of elasticity (kg/ m2)
Ew = module of elasticity of water (kg/m2),C1 = pipe support coefficient
T = time (s), Y = depends on pipeline support-characteristics and Poisson's ratio
6.1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
On-Line analysis of transient flow and evaluating Programmable Logic Control (PLC) input-output by Geography Information System (GIS) in order to automatic control of water pipeline and surge tank, for condition base maintenance “CM” is the scientific novelty of present research. The pressure transducer which is very sensitive, has a high resolution, and is connected to a high-speed data acquisition unit. It is also connected to the system pipeline with a device to release air, because air can distort the pressure signal transmitted during the transient. Recording will not begin until all air is released from the pipeline connection and the pressure measurement interval is defined. Typically, at least two measuring locations are established in the system and the flow-control operation is closely monitored. The timings of all recording equipment are synchronized. For valves, the movement of the position indicator is recorded as a function of time. For pumps, rotation or speed is measured over time. For protection devices such as surge tanks (hydro-pneumatic tanks), the level is measured over time. Advanced flow and pressure sensors equipped with high-speed data loggers and “PLC” in water pipeline makes it possible to capture fast transients, down to 5 ms for interpenetration between water flows. Changes in fluid properties such as depressurization due to the sudden opening of a relief valve, a propagating pressure pulse, heating or cooling in cogeneration or industrial systems, mixing with solids or other
transients. Changes at system boundaries such as rapidly opening or closing a valve, pipe burst (due to high pressure) or pipe collapse (due to low pressure), pump start/ shift/stop, air intake at a vacuum breaker can generate fast transients. Water intake at a valve, mass outflow at a pressure-relief valve or fire hose, breakage of a rupture disk, and hunting and/or resonance at a control valve can generate fast transients. Sudden changes such as these create a transient pressure pulse that rapidly propagates away from the disturbance, in every possible direction, and throughout the entire pressurized system (Figure 6.1).
