ABSTRACT
Water hammer as fluid dynamics phenomena is an important case study for designer engineers. Water hammer is a disaster pressure surge or wave caused by the kinetic energy of a fluid in motion when it is forced to stop or change direction suddenly [1]. The majority of transients in water and wastewater systems are the result of changes at system boundaries, typically at the upstream and downstream ends of the system or at local high points. Consequently, results of present chapter can reduce the risk of system damage or failure with proper analysis to determine the system’s default dynamic response. Design of protection equipment has helped to control transient energy. It has specified operational procedures to avoid transients. Analysis, design, and operational procedures all benefit from computer simulations in this chapter. The study of hydraulic transients is generally considered to have begun with the works of Joukowski (1898) [2] and Allievi (1902) [3]. The historical development of this subject makes for good reading. A number of pioneers have made breakthrough contributions to the field, including Angus, Parmakian (1963) [4] and Wood (1970) [5], who popularized and refined the graphical calculation method. Wylie and Streeter (1993) [6] combined the method of characteristics with computer modeling. The field of fluid transients is still rapidly evolving worldwide by Brunone et al. (2000) [7]; Koelle and Luvizotto, (1996) [8]; Filion and Karney, (2002) [9]; Hamam and McCorquodale, (1982) [10]; Savic and Walters, (1995) [11]; Walski and Lutes, (1994) [12]; Wu and Simpson, (2000) [13]. Various methods have been developed to solve transient flow in pipes.
