ABSTRACT
Carbon steel (CS) has been the base case for material selection in the oil and gas industry. However, as all the ‘easy oil’ that is easy to extract has now been consumed, the industry is headed to the deeper reserves, which entail higher pressures, higher temperatures, and more corrosive reservoir fluids. To sum it all up, we need materials with higher strengths, steady toughness values, higher
11.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 273 11.2 Why Oil and Gas Environments Are Different .................................................................... 274 11.3 Corrosion Considerations ..................................................................................................... 275
11.3.1 Corrosion-Basic Concepts Revisited ...................................................................... 275 11.3.1.1 The Concept of Polarization ...................................................................... 278 11.3.1.2 Corrosion Rates .......................................................................................... 279 11.3.1.3 Effect of Surface Areas ..............................................................................280
