ABSTRACT
The world energy transportation network consists of over a million miles of pipelines. The network includes onshore and offshore hazardous liquid pipelines, gas transmission and distribution pipelines, and other pipelines carrying material such as water and many more. The natural gas pipeline networking system, beginning with the gas transmission line to the distribution
13.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 375 13.2 Problems of Pipeline Corrosion ............................................................................................ 377 13.3 Corrosion Electrochemistry .................................................................................................. 377
13.3.1 Definitions................................................................................................................. 377 13.3.2 Anodic and Cathodic Reactions ............................................................................... 378 13.3.3 Standard Reduction Potential ................................................................................... 379 13.3.4 Corrosion Rate ..........................................................................................................380 13.3.5 Corrosion Control .....................................................................................................380 13.3.6 Cathodic Protection .................................................................................................. 381 13.3.7 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection ................................................................... 381
13.4 Mathematical and Numerical Study of Corrosion ................................................................ 382 13.4.1 Mechanistic Models .................................................................................................. 383 13.4.2 Empirical Models .....................................................................................................384 13.4.3 Semiempirical Models ..............................................................................................384 13.4.4 Neural Net Model .....................................................................................................384
13.5 Mathematical Models ...........................................................................................................384 13.5.1 Corrosion Rate ..........................................................................................................384 13.5.2 Standard Electrode Potential in Determination of Rate of Corrosion ...................... 385 13.5.3 Electrode Kinetics .................................................................................................... 387
13.6 Simulation of Corrosion Process in Liquid Media ............................................................... 389 13.6.1 Ionization ..................................................................................................................390 13.6.2 Polarization ...............................................................................................................390
