ABSTRACT

Sewage water is a complex mixture in terms of chemical, biological, and physical characteristics. It is part of the most renewable wastewaters, while it should not be, at least in arid and semiarid countries. A trogonal problem of aridity, increasing population, and mismanagement of natural resources exists in many areas of the world, predominantly in the southern hemisphere and politically referred to as developing countries. Increasing population per se imposes the adoption of new strategies for handling wastewater including sewage water more efciently, especially when

42.1 Overview and Prospective .................................................................................................... 931 42.2 Denition and Characteristics of Wastewater and Sludge .................................................... 933 42.3 Sewage Uses in Agriculture and Aquaculture ......................................................................934