ABSTRACT
Consumers are demanding alternatives to conventional pest management chemicals in every setting, from their houses, gardens, and lawns to the food they buy. Their changing preferences have also been noted in their choice of arthropod repellents that they purchase for use against insects, ticks, and mites. Since 1996, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has offered an alternative pathway for registration of “biopesticides,” which is suitable for many natural or biorational pest control preparations, that is, those related to or based on natural products. The reduced-risk
CONTENTS
Why Green Chemistry? ................................................................................................................... 75 What Is Green Chemistry? .............................................................................................................. 76 What Is Natural? .............................................................................................................................. 76 What Are Essential Oils? .................................................................................................................77 Have Essential Oils Been Used as Repellents? ................................................................................77 Does Folklore Hold Promise for Green Repellents? Is Catnip a Repellent? ...................................77 Are Other Plant Essential Oils Repellent? .......................................................................................80 Are Osage Oranges/Hedge Apples Repellent? ................................................................................ 81 Are Repellent Sesquiterpenoids Found in Other Plant Essential Oils? ........................................... 81 Can Green Repellents Also Repel Ticks? ........................................................................................ 81 How Do Repellents Work? ............................................................................................................... 82 How Are Repellents Tested for Efcacy? ........................................................................................ 83
Static-Air Repellency Apparatus .......................................................................................... 83 Klun and Debboun Module ...................................................................................................84 High-Throughput Repellency Apparatus ..............................................................................85 Excitorepellency Assay .........................................................................................................86
