ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION The biggest breakthrough in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the past decade was the development and widespread adoption of therapies that specifi cally target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Ranibizumab intravitreal injection set a new therapeutic standard, with only 5% of ranibizumab-treated eyes losing 15 letters of visual acuity, and 34-40% of patients gaining at least 15 letters of visual acuity (1,2). However, despite the success of anti-VEGF treatment, signifi cant room for improvement remains. Most patients (60%) still do not experience signifi cant improvement of vision, and the fi rst long-term results (>= 4 years of treatment) show a loss of the vision gained in the fi rst two years (3).
