ABSTRACT
In this chapter, cost-effectiveness analyses using patient-level data from cancer trials will be discussed. First, the costs and their impact on evaluating cost-effectiveness are briefly reviewed. Secondly, we consider how data from cancer trials are prepared and analysed for cost-effectiveness purposes, including non-parametric and parametric survival models as well as the specific peculiarities of handling data from cancer trials. We also discuss some important statistics, such as the restricted mean and the relationship between transition probabilities and survival probabilities. We also use data from clinical trials to fit a class of models known as cubic splines (also referred to as flexible parametric models) and discuss treatment switching.
