ABSTRACT
Nasal drug administration is commonly used for the treatment of local ailments like cold, cough, rhinitis, and so on. (Ali et al., 2010) The nasal administration seems to be a primary route to circumvent the obstacles of blood-brain barrier, allowing the direct drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) (Pires et al., 2009), such as, for example, some vaccines and large molecules (Ozsoy et al., 2009; Yuki and Kiyono, 2009). Intranasal administration of insulin used for the treatment of cognitive impairments prevents peripheral side effects (Benedict et al., 2010; Hallschmid et al., 2007). Thorne and colleagues have demonstrated that intranasal administration of cytokine resulted in rapid, widespread targeting of nervous tissue (Thorne et al., 2008). The authors suggested that both interferon-beta and interferon-alpha (IA), which share the same receptor, may bind with relatively high affinity in the same brain structures.
