ABSTRACT
Biosensors represent a new trend emerging in terms of technological and theoretical achievements for the development and exploitation of analytical devices for detection, quantification, and monitoring of specific chemical species for clinical, environmental, and industrial analysis. In these devices the detection of a bio-chemical species is achieved by means of a biological element, through a traditional electronic transducer. In order to measure physiological parameters of complex environmental matrices in vitro and in vivo the miniaturization of these sensors is needed [1]. In biosensor the biological substances are used as recognition elements, which can convert the analytic substances concentration with the measurable electrical signals [2]. Metallic nanoparticles, a classic example of nanostructured materials, can be strongly considered for biosensor applications. Because of the ability to tailor the properties of nanomaterials, their incorporation into biosensors offers a great prospect of enhancing the performance of enzyme-based biocatalytic sensors [3]. They frequently display unusual physical and chemical properties, depending on their size, shape, and stabilizing agents. As for the catalytic and electronic properties of the metal nanoparticles, their application in electrochemistry, electron-transfer, and electrochemiluminescent (ECL) reactions are intensively investigated [4]. Especially for Pt nanoparticle [5, 6] and Au nanoparticle [7-13], they are widely used in modifying electrode.
