ABSTRACT
It has been well established that bariatric surgery has signicant effects on obesity-related comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, lipid dysfunction, and other cardiovascular risk factors. Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective treatment of obesity due to its signicant effects in decreasing obesity-related comorbidities [1]. Multiple studies have shown that it has a profound effect on the metabolic and nutritional status that goes beyond caloric restriction and malabsorption since signicant changes on glycemic control and blood pressure, to list a few, are seen even prior to the weight loss being achieved [2]. The changes in the gastrointestinal hormones, which include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), oxyntomodulin (OXM), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and ghrelin, are thought to play an important role in the metabolic changes post-bariatric surgery and in long-term maintenance of weight loss.
