ABSTRACT
Smoking and obesity are within the top ve leading risk factors for global deaths (Figure 30.1).1 Smoking is the main avoidable cause of death; tobacco-attributable deaths are expected to continue to increase in the future, especially in low-and middleincome countries.2 In 2030, tobacco-attributable deaths will be as high as 8.3 million according to some sources.3 Obesity and overweight are major clinical and public health burdens of increasing concerns. It is estimated that up to 58% of the world’s adult population could be either overweight or obese by 2030.4 Smoking and obesity are both risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes,5 respiratory problems, and certain cancers. They also share common particularities, both having a behavioral component. For a given population, it has been estimated that an increase of two units of body mass index (BMI) or an increase of 10% in smoking prevalence would reduce life expectancy by 1 year.6,7 Prevention and treatment of smoking and obesity are crucial and increase life expectancy.
