ABSTRACT
Quantum mechanics is an advanced and fundamental physical theory that describes the interactions of energy and matter. The development of device fabrication and experimental control has witnessed how quantum mechanics will be used to establish a new technology. This is referred to as emerging quantum technology, which may be defined as the engineering of physical devices and systems that work on quantum principles [1]. Compared to conventional technologies governed by classical mechanics, there are two main imperatives driving the development of quantum technology [2]. The first is that the design of physical devices should be based on quantum principles when the devices are at length scales of nanometers and action scales and approaching Planck’s constant. The second is that quantum principles appearing to offer the promise of excellent performance can hardly be obtained within a classical physical framework.
