ABSTRACT
The proximity of orbital structures to the paranasal sinuses allows for the logical extension of endonasal surgery to the treatment of orbital disease. Historical external approaches to the orbit are often considered the ‘gold standard’ with regards to safety, efficacy and extent of experience. Although both external and endonasal approaches continue to have a role in selected patients, the focus of this chapter will be the endoscopic approach to diseases of the orbit and lacrimal system. Advancements in technology, endoscopic skill and progressive understanding of surgical anatomy have paved the way for endonasal endoscopic management of sino-orbital and orbital disease. However, appropriate perioperative management and an excellent working relationship with a skilled ophthalmologist or oculoplastic surgeon are important for difficult cases and in the management of surgical complications.
