ABSTRACT
In general, drosses fall into two categories: nonsalt dross and salt dross (Peterson, 2011).
Nonsalt dross (better known as white or gray dross), the more common of the two types, is produced by melting facilities that melt without using ux. These include all electric furnaces, reverberatory furnaces melting bulky scrap or ingot, and the holding furnaces used for primary aluminum. It can be generated in four ways (van Linden, 1997):
1. During molten metal transfer, when the oxide skin on the metal surface ruptures, exposing new surface and generating more oxide (Prakash et al., 2011).
