ABSTRACT
Particle physics is the physics of fundamental particles. By fundamental particles one means the known elementary constituents of nature and they have no internal structure. These fundamental building blocks are supposed to be indivisible and can be considered as point particles. The Standard Model of particle physics attempts to explain the nature of these elementary particles and the types of interactions they may undergo. The elementary or fundamental particles are classified in three distinct types. The fundamental spin-12 fermions are divided into two families, namely leptons and quarks. The third type is the family of spin-1 bosons that act as the force carriers of the fundamental interactions that the fundamental particles may undergo. They are called gauge bosons and the elementary particles interact by the exchange of these gauge bosons. In the list of fundamental particles there is at least one spin-0 (scalar) boson particle known as Higgs boson required to be in the theory of Standard Model in order to explain the masses of the fundamental particles.
