ABSTRACT
Once quality materials have been selected, it is necessary to design a concrete mixture for the project that will meet the requirements for fresh and hardened concrete properties, while keeping economy in mind. The concrete must meet project requirements in both the fresh and the hardened state. In the fresh state, the chief characteristic is workability. In the hardened state, requirements for strength and durability must be met. If the fresh concrete properties are not satisfactory, the concrete will not be able to be placed, consolidated, and finished properly, and the hardened properties will not matter. This chapter addresses conventional paving concrete. Pervious concrete and roller-compacted concrete mixtures are discussed in Chapters 12 and 15 respectively.
