ABSTRACT

Contents 16.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 233 16.2 Communications in Smart Grid..................................................................................... 236 16.3 Cybersecurity Issues on Smart Grid ............................................................................... 239

16.3.1 Device Issues....................................................................................................... 240 16.3.2 Networking Issues .............................................................................................. 241

16.4 Privacy Issues on Smart Grid.......................................................................................... 244 16.4.1 Personal Information .......................................................................................... 244 16.4.2 Privacy Concerns ................................................................................................ 245 16.4.3 Recommendations .............................................................................................. 246

16.5 Future Research Directions ............................................................................................ 248 16.6 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 249 References ............................................................................................................................... 249

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power grids. American Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) started a research on “Intelligrid” in 2001; the European Commission set up the European Technology Platform (ETP) in 2005 to create a vision of 20/20/2020; and State Grid in China started to construct more practical and fundamental digital grid. They believe that the power grid not only requires reliability, scalability, manageability, and extensibility but also should be secure, cooperative, and cost-effective. Such an electric infrastructure is called a “smart grid.” On the basis of the US Department of Energy’s definition, a smart grid integrates advanced sensing technologies, control methods, and integrated communications into the current electricity grid. Through advanced sensing technologies and control methods, it can capture and analyze data regarding power usage, delivery, and generation in near real time. Figure 16.1 shows the traditional structure of an electric grid with power generation, power distribution, and so on. It also shows an “intelligence” infrastructure where the Global Positioning System (GPS) sends signals to make sure that the entire system is synchronized. The smart meters communicate bidirectionally with the neighbors via multihop routing, and the collectors are connected directly to a utility provider. Communication and optimizing of the grid make the demand have intelligent operations.