ABSTRACT
Before numerical electromagnetic analysis (NEA) methods are explained, Maxwell’s equations, which are fundamentals of electromagnetics, are shown. They are stated in the time domain as
∇× = −
∂ ∂
E r B r( , ) ( , )t t t
(5.1)
∇× =
∂ ∂
+H r D r J r( , ) ( , ) ( , )t t t
t (5.2)
∇⋅ =D r r( , ) ( , )t tρ (5.3)
∇⋅ =B r( , )t 0 (5.4)
where E(r, t) is the electric field H(r, t) is the magnetic field D(r, t) is the electric flux density B(r, t) is the magnetic flux density J(r, t) is the conduction current density ρ(r, t) are the volume charge density, each at the space point r and at
the time t
Equation 5.1 represents Faraday’s law, and Equation 5.2 represents Ampere’s law. Equations 5.3 and 5.4 represent Gauss’ law for electric and magnetic fields, respectively.
