ABSTRACT
Latex exposure can occur via a number of routes such as airborne, intravenous and mucosal exposure. There is evidence that repeated exposure over time increases the incidence of sensitivity. The various chemicals added during processing of latex can provoke an irritant dermatitis which is not an allergic reaction. Some reactions may be due to a type IV hypersensitivity contact dermatitis, developing 24-48 hours after exposure. These are thought to be provoked by the chemicals added during rubber production and are mediated by T-lymphocytes. Of more concern are type I immediate hypersensitivity reactions ranging from urticarial skin rashes to full-blown anaphylaxis. Type I reactions mediated by IgE antibody to latex protein antigens result in mast cell degranulation with the release of mediators such as histamine, tryptase, prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
