ABSTRACT
The Acute respiratory infections cause widespread diseases globally and are responsible for over four million deaths each year. This is especially high among infants, children, and the elderly and is more pronounced in low- and middle-income countries. The Lower respiratory tract infections are especially severe and although bacteria are significant pathogens, the most common etiologies are viral and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), which are frequent causes of hospital admissions and nosocomial clusters. To develop effective strategies for infection control, it is critical to first understand the mode of transmission of these viruses. As these pathogens infect the lungs and the virus can be dissimilated into the air by coughing, it was generally assumed that the primary route of transmission was airborne. There are two main isolation precautions for acute viral respiratory infections are droplets precautions and contact precautions. It is important to stress that standard precautions and strict hand hygiene are integral parts of all of these precautions.
