ABSTRACT
The interpretation of blood biochemistry, in relation to renal disease, is obviously important for renal and electrolyte SAQs. Urine biochemistry can also crop up (for example, urine sodium and osmolality in hyponatraemia) as well as the use of dipstick urinalysis (knowing the sensitivity and specificity for UTI is useful). Furthermore, renal tract imaging − the plain X-ray (KUB for renal stones) and the intravenous urethrogram (IVU) in renal obstruction1 − has featured in previous exams and their interpretation is a skill worth having in the ED. Finally, the ECG changes of the various electrolyte abnormalities, (particularly hyperkalaemia) is always an exam favourite!
