ABSTRACT
Another component required to accomplish LOC system is a sensing device that enables the detection of biological and chemical target molecules in microuidic platforms. Recent advances in micro-and nanotechnology provide high selectivity and sensitivity compared to traditional optical sensing methods (Duggan et al. 2003; Filanoski et al. 2008; Jorgensen et al. 2003; Kim et al. 2009a; Ridgeway et al. 2009). The micro-and nanotechnology-based biosensing techniques can be divided into four types based on the sensing principles (electrical, mechanical, optical, and chemical sensors); these techniques also belong to one of two categories based on the label-based (e.g., gold nanoparticles, quantum dots [QDs], and magnetic nanoparticles) (Daniel and Astruc 2004; Fortina et al. 2007; Jain 2005; Jamieson et al. 2007; Larson et al. 2003; Liu et al. 2012; Tansil and Gao 2006; Wang et al. 2006) and label-free (e.g., surface plasmon resonance [SPR], micro-and nanocantilevers, nanowires, and nanopores) (Cheng et al. 2006; Englebienne et al. 2003; Gupta et al. 2006; Kim et al. 2013a; Kolhe and Parikh 2012; Wang et al. 2005) sensing mechanisms. By integrating these biosensing techniques with the uidic processors,
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................... 397 Liquid Sample Processors and Biosensing Techniques for Lab-on-a-Chip Platforms ............................................................. 398
Pneumatic Microvalves and Pumps ..................................................................................................................................... 398 Electrowetting ...................................................................................................................................................................... 398 Biosensing Techniques for Genetic and Proteomic Biomarker Screening .......................................................................... 399
Integrated Microuidic Genetic Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 402 Genetic Analysis Platform by Pneumatic Microvalve and Pump Actuation ........................................................................ 402 Genetic Analysis on DMF Platform ..................................................................................................................................... 405
Integrated Platform for Protein Biomarker Screening .............................................................................................................. 407 Microvalve-Enabled Immunoassay ...................................................................................................................................... 407 Immunoassay on DMF Platform .......................................................................................................................................... 409 Immunoassay with Droplet and Microwell ELISA.............................................................................................................. 411
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................................ 411 References ..................................................................................................................................................................................411
