ABSTRACT
THEME 2: SHOCK ere are ve main types of shock: hypovolaemic, neurogenic, cardiogenic, septic and anaphylactic. Hypovolaemic shock can further be divided into classes I-IV as follows:
Class I (15% loss) respiratory rate (RR) < 20 breaths/min, heart rate (HR) < 100 beats/min, blood pressure (BP) normal, urine output (UO) >30 mL/h
Class II (15-30% loss) RR 20-30, HR 100-120, BP normal, UO 20-30 Class III (30-40% loss) RR 30-40, HR 120-140, BP decreased, UO 5-20
e classes of the dierent stages of shock can be remembered easily as they follow the same scoring system of tennis; namely:
Class I 0-15% Love-15 Class II 15-30% 15-30 Class III 30-40% 30-40 Class IV >40% Game
1. C – Class I hypovolaemic shock is patient presents with haematemesis that is probably secondary to a Mallory-Weiss tear. His drowsiness is likely to be secondary to alcohol consumption rather than blood loss (although the absence of a signicant head injury cannot be assumed). e normal heart rate, blood pressure and urine output suggest a class I hypovolaemia.
