ABSTRACT
The world population has grown inexorably during the past two centuries. It is estimated that 7 billion humans will inhabit Earth by late 2011 and 9 billion in 2050.1 Obviously the need to produce, process, and store more food to satisfy the
CONTENTS
18.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 455 18.2 Water Management ....................................................................................... 458
18.2.1 Water Reuse and Recycling .............................................................. 458 18.2.2 Water Usage Reduction ..................................................................... 461 18.2.3 Water Harvesting .............................................................................. 461
18.3 Waste Management ....................................................................................... 462 18.3.1 By-Product Utilization ......................................................................463 18.3.2 Green Packaging Initiatives ..............................................................465
18.4 Energy Management .....................................................................................468 18.4.1 Processing Approaches .....................................................................468 18.4.2 Green Transportation Initiatives ....................................................... 470
18.5 Green Initiatives by Retailers ....................................................................... 472 18.5.1 Food Services ................................................................................... 472 18.5.2 Modern Trade ................................................................................... 473
18.6 Organic Food Production ............................................................................. 474 18.6.1 Does Green Look Beautiful in Nature? ............................................ 474 18.6.2 Ecological Sustainability and Citizenship ........................................ 474 18.6.3 Ethical and Consumer Perspectives of Organic Foods .................... 475
18.7 Conclusions and Future Directions ............................................................... 475 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................. 477 References .............................................................................................................. 477
demand of this ever-growing population is increasing day by day. Data indicate that the overall area of the world’s agriculture-rich land has remained almost constant since 1980.2 Moreover, rapid industrialization is gradually competing with arable land for its allocation to the industrial sector.3 Thus, the gap between primary food production and consumption has increased exponentially.
