ABSTRACT
The World Wide Web had an estimated 1.7 billion users in 2009 (https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm) and was accessed by people of essentially all possible backgrounds. Each of these users had a goal in mind, whether it be trying to book a Ÿight, search for information on a research topic, or just while away a few hours. Different users also have different knowledge, interests, abilities, learning styles, and preferences regarding information presentation. An increasingly important research area is how interfaces can be designed to recognize the goals and characteristics of the user and to adapt accordingly.
