ABSTRACT
In contrast, the notion of energy-efficient computing is new to the highperformance computing (HPC) community. Why the distinction? First, the computational characteristics found in embedded systems and mobile computing differ markedly from those found in HPC. The use of mobile devices (e.g., laptop) tends to be fairly interactive. As a result, energyreduction algorithms based on CPU utilization work well on these systems. Unfortunately, with these algorithms laptops fail miserably with respect to HPC applications as the CPU utilization of HPC applications remains very high throughout the entire execution [17]. Second, energy efficiency is needed for different reasons. In embedded and mobile computing, energy efficiency is needed to extend battery life, whereas in HPC, it is needed to reduce the operational costs of powering and cooling HPC systems as well as to reduce their environmental and societal impacts (such as becoming more carbon neutral).
