ABSTRACT
The visual system is a special somatic afferent system, which receives, processes, and recognizes visual impulses with the associated memories. It forms binocular images and regulates associated reflexes. It is the only sensory system that is totally dependent upon the integrity of the cerebral cortex. In order for the visual images and associated memory to be constructed, visual impulses must pass through a chain of structures and neurons that are located in the eye and the visual pathway, encompassing the cornea, iris, anterior and posterior chambers of the eye, vitreous body, retina, optic nerve, optic tract, thalamus, visual radiation, and visual cortex. The visual system works closely with the vestibular neurons and gaze centers and cortical eye fields to ensure that eye movements are coordinated and that steady, proper binocular images are formed. Pathologic processes produces visual deficit that may be total or partial, confined to one or both visual fields.
