ABSTRACT
The experience of music listening is multidimensional. Different emotion perceptions of music are usually associated with different patterns of acoustic cues [126, 157, 175]. For example, while arousal is related to tempo (fast/slow), pitch (high/low), loudness (high/low), and timbre (bright/soft), valence is related to mode (major/minor) and harmony (consonant/dissonant) [101]. It is also noted that emotion perception is rarely dependent on a single music factor but a combination of them [126, 268]. For example, loud chords and high-pitched chords may suggest more positive valence than soft chords and low-pitched chords, irrespective of mode. See [101] for an overview of the empirical research concerning the influence of different music factors on emotion perception.
