ABSTRACT
In the last decade, PSO has been frequently used as an optimisation algorithm because of its e ectiveness in performing di»cult optimisation tasks. In addition, the scheme obtains better results in a faster and cheaper way compared to several other methods with fewer parameters to adjust. Application areas can be found in multi-objective optimisation problems [4-9], min-max problems [10,11], integer programming problems [12], combinatorial optimisation problems [13,14], clustering and classiœcation problems [15-17] and numerous engineering applications [18-44].
