ABSTRACT
We start this chapter with a brief historical review of cast iron and steel components of building Structures. Then, design of compression members, the most common of which are the vertical members supporting Šoors in buildings, is considered, followed by a review of their effective length and Šexural buckling stress. We then discuss design of wide Šange sections for Šexure including Šoor beams acting compositely with metal deck and concrete topping. For these beams with continuously braced top Šange, the nominal moment capacity, Mp = ZFy. This need not be reduced for unbraced length effects because the top Šange is laterally braced for the entire length of the beam by metal deck and concrete topping. Serviceability considerations such as deŠection limitations are also discussed. Next, we discuss design of members for tension highlighting the concepts of tensile yield and tensile rupture strengths by noting that it is not unusual for tensile rupture strength to govern the design of a tension member, particularly for small members with holes of heavier sections with multiple rows of holes. The next discussion centers on design of members for shear with and without consideration of post-buckling strength of web. This is followed by a presentation of design for combined forces and torsion. The emphasis is on linear interaction equation commonly called the unity equation, in which the ratios of calculated forces are compared to available capacities. The chapter concludes with an in-depth discussion of design for stability.
