ABSTRACT
Oxy-fuel combustion is one of three promising technologies designed to support the geological sequestration of CO2 from coal-based power generation. However, as with other CCS technologies, oxy-fuel has yet to be
commercially deployed. A recent review by the Global CCS Institute3 considers other CCS technologies (i.e., Integrated Gasification and Combined Cycle, IGCC, and Postcombustion capture, PCC) to be at a higher technical readiness level than oxy-fuel and thus closer to commercial realization. This naturally raises the level of risk associated with a full-scale commercial plant and makes techno-economic comparisons between the technologies difficult to evaluate. In its benchmarking evaluation of CCS projects, the Global CCS Institute3 found that of the 159 active or planned CCS projects, oxy-fuel projects numbered 14 (∼10%). However, the development of oxy-fuel technology is at the demonstration stage, with several large-scale projects recently receiving financial support from the European Union4 and U.S. Department of Energy.5 This chapter discusses the current state of the art of oxy-fuel with regards to
Terry Wall, Rohan Stanger, and Dennis McDonald
CONTENTS
27.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 631 27.1.1 Recent Milestones and Targets ....................................................................................................................... 632
27.2 Description of Oxy-Fuel Technology and Component Technology Blocks ......................................................... 633 27.2.1 Oxy-Fuel Combustion ...................................................................................................................................... 633 27.2.2 Fuel Supply ........................................................................................................................................................ 635 27.2.3 Oxidant ............................................................................................................................................................... 635 27.2.4 Electrical Generation ........................................................................................................................................ 636 27.2.5 Flue Gas Treatment and Cooling .................................................................................................................... 637
27.2.5.1 NOx ...................................................................................................................................................... 637 27.2.5.2 SOx ....................................................................................................................................................... 638 27.2.5.3 Mercury ............................................................................................................................................... 638 27.2.5.4 H2O ....................................................................................................................................................... 639
27.2.6 CO2 Compression .............................................................................................................................................. 639 27.2.7 Transport and Storage ...................................................................................................................................... 639
27.3 Significance of Risks ..................................................................................................................................................... 640 27.4 Significance of Experience Gained through Current Oxy-Fuel Projects .............................................................. 640 27.5 Second-Generation Technology .................................................................................................................................. 641 27.6 CCS Technology Comparison ..................................................................................................................................... 643 27.7 Sequence of Technology Development ...................................................................................................................... 643 27.8 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................................... 644 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................................................... 645 Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................................................. 645 References ................................................................................................................................................................................ 646
particular projects and how they address the barriers and uncertainty restricting commercial deployment.
