ABSTRACT
From C. spinosa, 7 Tunisian regions, oil 23.25 to 33.64% dry wt., FA main component, oleic 45.82%, linoleic 25.37%, palmitic 15.93%, stearic 4.06% (Tlili et al. 2009); in C. spinosa L. fruit by supercrit. CO2 extn., by GC-MS, 11 FA detctd., incl. oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids, 94.81% of total (Ren et al. 2009); 33% of total storage in Tunisian C. spinosa seeds (Tlili et al. 2011); in aerial parts of C. decidua (AbdelMogib et al. 2000)
Arachidic acid O
2.0% of seed fat in C. aphylla (Sen Gupta and Chakrabarty 1964)
Lauric acid
3.5% C. zeylanica oil, which is 30% dry wt. of plant matter, by IR, NMR, MS, and GC, LC, chem. degrdns. (Daulatabad et al. 1991)
FIGURE 4.2 (See color insert.) Unripe fruit of Capparis spinosa. Notice the difference both in seed color and in the consistency of the pulp between different stages of ripening. (27.7.2010, Jerusalem, Israel: by Helena Paavilainen.)
Compound Notes
Linoleic acid
57.21%, of oil in C. spinosa, by GC-MS oil 21.2%, FA main component (Nurmamat and Korbanjhon 2011); C. spinosa L. fruit by supercrit. CO2 extn., by GC-MS, 11 FA detctd., incl. oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids, 94.81% of total (Ren et al. 2009); from C. spinosa, 7 Tunisian regions, oil 23.25 to 33.64% dry wt., FA main component, oleic 45.82%, linoleic 25.37%, palmitic 15.93%, stearic 4.06% (Tlili et al. 2009); dominant FA, 26.9-55.3% in C. ovata seed oils and for 24.6-50.5% in C. spinosa seed oils (Matthäus and Özcan 2005); one of three major FA in C. spinosa (Akgul and Özcan 1999); 30.5% C. zeylanica oil, which is 30% dry wt. of plant matter, by IR, NMR, MS, and GC, LC, chem. degrdns. (Daulatabad et al. 1991); 11.4% of seed fat of C. aphylla (Sen Gupta and Chakrabarty 1964); 44.9-51.1% of C. spinosa seed oil (Zabramnyi et al. 1940)
Linolenic acid
4th most prevalent FA in C. spinosa by GC-MS (Nurmamat and Korbanjhon 2011); from C. spinosa, 7 Tunisian regions, oil 23.25 to 33.64% dry wt., FA main component, oleic 45.82%, linoleic 25.37%, palmitic 15.93%, stearic 4.06% (Tlili et al. 2009)
Malvalic acid O
6.2% C. zeylanica oil, which is 30% dry wt. of plant matter, by IR, NMR, MS, and GC, LC, chem. degrdns. (Daulatabad et al. 1991)
Myristic acid
2.5% in C. zeylanica oil, which is 30% dry wt. of plant matter, by IR, NMR, MS, and GC, LC, chem. degrdns. (Daulatabad et al. 1991); 0.6% of seed fat of C. aphylla (Sen Gupta and Chakrabarty 1964)
(Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid methyl ester
Accelerated solvent extn. and Soxhlet extn., C. spinosa seed oil w/hexane and Et ether, GC-MS after esterification (Liu et al. 2008)
(Continued)
Compound Notes
(E)-9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester O
Accelerated solvent extn. and Soxhlet extn., C. spinosa seed oil w/hexane and Et ether, GC-MS after esterification (Liu et al. 2008)
(Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester O
Accelerated solvent extn. and Soxhlet extn., C. spinosa seed oil w/hexane and Et ether, GC-MS after esterification (Liu et al. 2008)
From chloroform ext. of the roots of C. zeylanica L., in Long Evan’s rats, at 300 μg/rat/day for consecutive 14 days, no detectable abnormalities found in histopathol. of heart, liver, kidney, and lung (Haque and Haque 2011)
Oleic acid O
2nd most prevalent FA in C. spinosa by GC-MS (Nurmamat and Korbanjhon 2011); C. spinosa L. fruit by supercrit. CO2 extn., by GC-MS, 11 FA detctd., incl. oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids, 94.81% of total (Ren et al. 2009); from C. spinosa, 7 Tunisian regions, oil 23.25 to 33.64% dry wt., FA main component, oleic 45.82%, linoleic 25.37%, palmitic 15.93%, stearic 4.06% (Tlili et al. 2009); in C. ovata seed and C. spinosa seed oils with its isomer, vaccenic acid, between 10 and 30% (Matthäus and Özcan 2005); one of three major FA in C. spinosa (Akgul and Özcan 1999); 9.8% C. zeylanica oil, which is 30% dry wt. of plant matter, by IR, NMR, MS, and GC, LC, chem. degrdns. (Daulatabad et al. 1991); 57.2% of seed fat in C. aphylla (Sen Gupta and Chakrabarty 1964); 42.4-45.9% of C. spinosa oil (Zabramnyi et al. 1940)
Compound Notes
Palmitic acid O
3rd most prevalent FA in C. spinosa by GC-MS (Nurmamat and Korbanjhon 2011); C. spinosa L. fruit by supercrit. CO2 extn., by GC-MS, 11 FA detctd., incl. oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids, 94.81% of total (Ren et al. 2009); from C. spinosa, 7 Tunisian regions, oil 23.25 to 33.64% dry wt., FA main component, oleic 45.82%, linoleic 25.37%, palmitic 15.93%, stearic 4.06% (Tlili et al. 2009); one of three major FA in C. spinosa (Akgul and Özcan 1999); 11% C. zeylanica oil, which is 30% dry wt. of plant matter, by IR, NMR, MS, and GC, LC, chem. degrdns. (Daulatabad et al. 1991); 21.1% of seed fat in C. aphylla (Sen Gupta and Chakrabarty 1964)
Palmitoleic acid O
9.8% in C. divaricata seed oil (Kittur et al. 1993)
Ricinoleic acid
30% C. zeylanica oil, which is 30% dry wt. of plant matter, by IR, NMR, MS, and GC, LC, chem. degrdns. (Daulatabad et al. 1991)
Stearic acid
5th most prevalent FA in C. spinosa by GC-MS (Nurmamat and Korbanjhon 2011); from C. spinosa, 7 Tunisian regions, oil 23.25 to 33.64% dry wt., FA main component, oleic 45.82%, linoleic 25.37%, palmitic 15.93%, stearic 4.06% (Tlili et al. 2009); 1.8% C. zeylanica oil, which is 30% dry wt. of plant matter, by IR, NMR, MS, and GC, LC, chem. degrdns. (Daulatabad et al. 1991); 7.7% of seed fat in C. aphylla (Sen Gupta and Chakrabarty 1964)
Sterculic acid
4.7% C. zeylanica oil, which is 30% dry wt. of plant matter, by IR, NMR, MS, and GC, LC, chem. degrdns. (Daulatabad et al. 1991)
decidua. J Saudi Chem Soc 4(1): 103-108.
