ABSTRACT
Lateral loads on piles can be derived from many sources; a convenient characterization of the sources is to term them active or passive, as suggested by De Beer (1977). As employed herein, active loading is considered to be time-dependent or live loading. Passive loading, on the other hand, is principally time independent or dead loading. Active loading may come from wind, waves, current, ice, traffic, ship impact, and
mooring forces. Passive loading is derived principally from earth pressures or potentially moving soil, but may also come from dead loading as from an arch bridge. In the following sections, some details are presented on the nature of the various kinds of active and passive loading. The solution of a number of examples is presented in this chapter where the piles are
subjected either to active loading or to passive loading. The solutions are presented in sufficient detail to provide guidance in addressing similar problems.
