ABSTRACT
The institutional issues (this is a noninclusive list as there are surely others) related to renewable energy include the following: legislation and regulation concerning the environment, incentives, externalities, world treaties and country responses to greenhouse gas emissions, connection to utility grids (large power generators such as wind farms, large photovoltaic [PV] arrays, concentrating solar power [CSP]; large numbers of small systems; distributed and community systems); incentives such as feed-in tariffs, renewable portfolio standards, rebates, tax credits; and certi’cation standards for equipment and installation of systems. Of course, most of these issues are determined by politics and economics.
