ABSTRACT
Piezoelectric materials are inherent transducers that convert mechanical energy to electrical energy (direct piezoelectric effect) and electrical energy to mechanical energy (indirect piezoelectric effect). Based on these effects, the materials have multitude of applications in the eld of engineering and medicine. The unique characteristic of the material of possessing energy conversion capability in two directions, that is, from mechanical to electrical and from electrical to mechanical, makes piezoelectric materials highly suited for design of smart systems.
