ABSTRACT
Introduction Vulnerability in any system is the result of an intentional or unintentional omission or of an inadvertent design mistake that directly or indirectly leads to a compromise in the system’s availability, integrity, or confidentiality. In information assurance, vulnerabilities may hide in each level of security, be it information access security, computer and storage security, communications security, or operational and physical security. In the case of information systems, the major components are people, hardware, and software. Therefore, the presence of vulnerabilities must be sought in each of these three areas. Figure 1.1 illustrates the factors that contribute to a secure cyberspace and the expectations, out of cybersecurity.
