ABSTRACT
This limitation has been overcome by placing artificial satellites of the earth in place far above the ionosphere. They are used as reflectors or relay stations in worldwide wireless communication systems that typically operate at frequencies one thousand times larger than the frequencies used in ionospheric reflection systems. We begin our consideration of satellite communications (SATCOM) by considering the fundamental principles involved in placing a satellite of the earth in geosynchronous orbit (i.e., an orbit in which the satellite position is stationary with respect to any location on the surface of the earth).
