ABSTRACT
In recent decades, obesity and one of its primary associated clinical manifestations in genetically susceptible individuals, type 2 diabetes (T2D), have progressed into a major cause of preventable death, increasing from ~1.5 million diagnosed in 1958 to ~21 million in 2010,1 with an estimated additional 7 million undiagnosed.2
Introduction ..............................................................................................................65 Resistance Training: A Viable Intervention for Reducing Type 2 Diabetes Risk? .........................................................................................................66 Exercise and Insulin Sensitivity ............................................................................... 67 Muscle Strength and Insulin Resistance .................................................................. 67 Resistance Training, Insulin Sensitivity, and Glucose Tolerance.............................68 Aerobic versus Resistance Training ......................................................................... 71 Mechanisms ............................................................................................................. 73 Glycemic Control ..................................................................................................... 74 Recommendations .................................................................................................... 75 Individualized Programs .......................................................................................... 76 Future Directions ..................................................................................................... 76 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 76 References ................................................................................................................ 76
Furthermore, the increased future prevalence of T2D is a major health care concern, with estimates that ~80 million adults in the United States have prediabetes.3 Thus, ~107 million in the United States have either diabetes or prediabetes, and it has been estimated that 21%–33% of the U.S. population will be burdened with diabetes by 2050.4
