ABSTRACT
The basic concepts of modern systems science were first introduced by Bertalanffy (1901-1972). In the 1920s, Bertalanffy (1924) started to realize that there are similar properties existing in different disciplines and scientific areas, so he began to explore the possibility of describing systems of various objects by using a unified language, which are the thoughts of modern systems. In 1932, Bertalanffy (1934) developed the theory of open systems, constituting one pillar of the general systems theory. In 1937, he established the key concept of general systems (Bertalanffy 1937). By the end of 1940, the International Association of General Systems was established. Bertalanffy’s (1968) General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications, published by George Braziller, has been treated as the first monograph of systems science. His theory of general systems has constituted the theoretical foundation of systems science and is a qualitative research of systemic thoughts.
