ABSTRACT
The development of low environmental impact industrial technol-
ogy is highly expected to reduce the rate of global warming, because
various manufacturing and process engineering using petroleum
resources has been believed to enhance environmental impact by
exhausting CO2 and other global warming substances. Utilization of
microorganism such as bacteria to industrial processing is one of
the solutions to promote the environmentally friendly engineering.1
Many bacteria had been utilized in fermentation industries from old
times and recently it has been developing to decompose the toxic
substances and purging of polluted area.2 The development of new
application of microorganism to industrial engineering is growing
as environmentally friendly low impact process in recent days using
many functions of bacteria. The major interest of bioleaching using
bacteria is leaching of several metallic elements such as Cu,3−8Ni,9
and several heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, and Zn10−12 from minerals and waste substances.
