ABSTRACT
Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 2.5 New Synthesis Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.5.1 Surfactant Templating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.5.2 NP Surfactant Templating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 2.5.3 Modified Sol-Gel Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Supported catalysts comprise a very general solid catalyst design in which the active phase (the supported layer) is located on the surface of an underlying solid (the support). The motivation for supported catalysts is that the dispersion and stabilization of the supported layer on a high surface area support leads to a highly active and robust composite catalyst. Metals, metal oxides, metal
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sulfides, organometallic complexes, and enzymes can be supported on inorganic supports such as metal oxides, zeolites, and clays. This subject matter has been well documented by a number of books [1-4] and more recently by Preparation of Solid Catalysts [5], a monograph based on the comprehensive Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis volumes edited by Ertl et al. [6].
