ABSTRACT
Urological malignancies are common, accounting for approximately 21% of new cancer cases in the United States of America in 2003 (1). Additionally, many patients with urological malignancies live with their disease for many years and are likely to have numerous associated chronic pain problems. Effective pain control is a priority at all stages of disease. In advanced stages of malignancy, optimal pain control becomes a primary concern as other therapies are exhausted. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the pain, patterns of local, and metastatic spread, and of available analgesic therapies will improve management of these patients.
