ABSTRACT
Therapeutic lung transplantation was initiated in 1981, with the success of a heart-lung transplant procedure at Stanford University (1). This success was achieved after failed attempts in patients and after the introduction of cyclosporine immunosuppression and proof in primate studies (2-4). Heart-lung transplantation has since evolved over the last two decades to become an accepted modality of treatment for end stage lung and combined heart-lung disease.
