ABSTRACT
This chapter contains a theoretical and practical analysis of errors incidental to NTP and its operation on the Internet. It includes material adapted from [1] and [2] with several corrections and much additional material. It is intended to quantify the error statistics that might be provided to applications dependent on NTP. These statistics are both deterministic and stochastic, depending on manufacturing tolerances and the nominal system jitter and oscillator wander. They are essential in constructing strong correctness assertions when managing time-sensitive applications.
