INDENO[1,2,3-cd]PYRENE

CASRN: 193-39-5; molecular formula: C22H12; FW: 276.34; RTECS: NK9300000 Physical state: Solid Melting point (°C): 160-163 (quoted, Verschueren, 1983) Boiling point (°C): 536 (quoted, Verschueren, 1983) Diffusivity in water (x 10-5 cm2/sec): 0.48 at 20 °C using method of Hayduk and Laudie (1974) Dissociation constant, pKa: >15 (Christensen et al., 1975) Henry’s law constant (x 10-7 atm⋅m3/mol): 1.78, 2.86, 5.63, 6.02, 7.60, and 10.36 at 10.0, 20.0, 35.0, 40.1, 45.0, and 55.0 °C, respectively (wetted-wall column, ten Hulscher et al., 1992) Bioconcentration factor, log BCF: Apparent values of 3.4 (wet wt) and 5.1 (lipid wt) for freshwater isopods including Asellus aquaticus (L.) (van Hattum et al., 1998) Soil organic carbon/water partition coefficient, log Koc: 6.93 (San Francisco, CA mudflat sediments, Maruya et al., 1996) 6.3 (average value using 8 Netherland sediments, van Hattum et al., 1998) 5.78-8.82 based on 34 sediment determinations; average value = 7.57 (Hawthorne et al., 2006) Octanol/water partition coefficient, log Kow: 5.97 (Sims et al., 1988) Solubility in organics: Soluble in most solvents (U.S. EPA, 1985) including low molecular weight liquid hydrocarbons such as benzene, ethylene, and toluene. Solubility in water: 62 µg/L (Sims et al., 1988) Vapor pressure (mmHg): 1.01 x 10-10 at 25 °C (McVeety and Hites, 1988)

Chemical/Physical. Indeno[1,2,3-cd] will not hydrolyze (Kollig, 1993). Exposure limits: Potential occupational carcinogen. No individual standards have been set; however, as a constituent in coal tar pitch volatiles, the following exposure limits have been established (mg/m3): NIOSH REL: TWA 0.1 (cyclohexane-extractable fraction), IDLH 80; OSHA PEL: TWA 0.2 (benzene-soluble fraction); ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.2 (benzene solubles). Toxicity: EC10 (21-d) for Folsomia fimetaria >910 mg/kg (Sverdrup et al., 2002). LC50 (21-d) for Folsomia fimetaria >910 mg/kg (Sverdrup et al., 2002). Drinking water standard: No MCLGs or MCLs have been proposed (U.S. EPA, 2000). Source: Detected in 8 diesel fuels at concentrations ranging from 0.056 to 0.85 mg/L with a mean value of 0.143 mg/L (Westerholm and Li, 1994). Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene was also reported in gasoline (59 µg/L), fresh motor oil (30 µg/L), and used motor oil (34.0 to 83.2 mg/kg) (quoted, Verschueren, 1983). Also detected in asphalt fumes at an average concentration of 5.92 ng/m3 (Wang et al., 2001). The concentration of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene in coal tar and the maximum concentration reported in groundwater at a mid-Atlantic coal tar site were 1,200 and 0.002 mg/L, respectively (Mackay and Gschwend, 2001). Based on laboratory analysis of 7 coal tar samples, indeno[1,2,3cd]pyrene concentrations ranged from ND to 1,400 ppm (EPRI, 1990). Identified in hightemperature coal tar pitches used in roofing operations at concentrations ranging from ND to 2,460 mg/kg (Malaiyandi et al., 1982). Nine commercially available creosote samples contained indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene at concentrations ranging from 1 to 40 mg/kg (Kohler et al., 2000). Schauer et al. (2001) measured organic compound emission rates for volatile organic compounds, gas-phase semi-volatile organic compounds, and particle phase organic compounds from the residential (fireplace) combustion of pine, oak, and eucalyptus. The particle-phase emission rates of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were 0.518 mg/kg of pine burned and 0.168 mg/kg of eucalyptus burned. Particle-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without catalytic converters were 0.436 and 92.0 µg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002). Uses: Produced primarily for research purposes. Derived from industrial and experimental coal gasification operations where the maximum concentration detected in coal tar streams was 1.7 mg/m3 (Cleland, 1981).