4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE

CASRN: 108-10-1; DOT: 1245; DOT label: Flammable liquid; molecular formula: C6H12O; FW: 100.16; RTECS: SA9275000; Merck Index: 12, 5226 Physical state, color, and odor: Clear, colorless, watery liquid with a mild, pleasant odor. Odor threshold concentration is 47 ppbv (Leonardos et al., 1969). Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 400 µg/m3 (100 ppbv) and 1.1 mg/m3 (270 ppbv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). Melting point (°C): -84.7 (Weast, 1986) Boiling point (°C): 115.5 (Govindarajan and Sabarathinam, 1997) Density (g/cm3): 0.8094 at 10 °C, 0.7922 at 30 °C, 0.7736 at 30 °C (Rintelen et al., 1937) 0.79607 at 25.00 °C (Venkatesu and Rao, 1996) 0.79649 at 25.00 °C, 0.79191 at 30.00 °C (Lee and Chuang, 1997) 0.7871 at 35.00 °C (Govindarajan and Sabarathinam, 1997) Diffusivity in water (x 10-5 cm2/sec): 0.77 at 20 °C using method of Hayduk and Laudie (1974) Flash point (°C): 17.9 (NIOSH, 1997) Lower explosive limit (%): 1.2 at 94 °C (NIOSH, 1997) Upper explosive limit (%): 8.0 at 94 °C (NIOSH, 1997) Henry’s law constant (x 10-4 atm⋅m3/mol): 6.6, 3.7, 2.9, 3.9, and 6.8 at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C, respectively (EPICS, Ashworth et al., 1988) 2.10 at 25 °C (static headspace-GC, Welke et al., 1998) 2.56 at 25 °C (batch stripping method-GC, Kim et al., 2000) Interfacial tension with water (dyn/cm): 10.1 at 25 °C (Donahue and Bartell, 1952) Ionization potential (eV): 9.30 (Franklin et al., 1969)

oc 0.79 (estimated, Montgomery, 1989) Octanol/water partition coefficient, log Kow: 1.40 at 25.0 °C (shake flask-GLC, Park and Park, 2000) 1.31 (shake flask-GLC, Tanii and Hashimoto, 1982) Solubility in organics: Soluble in acetone, ethanol, benzene, chloroform, ether, and many other solvents (U.S. EPA, 1985) Solubility in water: 0.097 as mole fraction at 25 °C (quoted, Amidon et al., 1975) 0.0087 as mole fraction at 30 °C (shake flask-turbidimetric, Narasimhan et al., 1962) In mg/kg: 19,100 at 10 °C, 21,560 at 20 °C, 22,315 at 30 °C (shake flask-GC, Howe et al., 1987) In wt %: 2.04 at 20 °C, 1.91 at 25 °C, 1.78 at 30 °C (Ginnings et al., 1940) 1.77 wt % at 25 °C (shake flask-radiometry, Lo et al., 1986) In wt %: 2.92 at 0 °C, 2.21 at 9.5 °C, 1.92 at 19.4 °C, 1.66 at 30.8 °C, 1.47 at 39.6 °C, 1.38 at 50.1 °C, 1.29 at 60.4 °C, 1.24 at 70.2 °C, 1.18 at 80.1 °C, 1.22 at 90.4 °C (shake flask-GC, Stephenson, 1992)

2.4 mL/L at 25 °C (shake flask-GLC, Kanai et al., 1979) Vapor density: 4.09 g/L at 25 °C, 3.46 (air = 1) Vapor pressure (mmHg): 8.0 at 10 °C, 26.2 at 30 °C, 70.1 at 30 °C (Rintelen et al., 1937) 14.5 at 20 °C (quoted, Howard, 1990) 19.9 at 25 °C (Banerjee et al., 1990) Environmental fate: Biological. Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 2.06 and 2.16 g/g using filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined using a standard dilution method at 20 °C and stirred for a period of 5 d. Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 1.51 g/g which is 55.5% of the ThOD value of 2.72 g/g. Photolytic. When synthetic air containing gaseous nitrous acid and 4-methyl-2-pentanone was exposed to artificial sunlight (λ = 300-450 nm), photooxidation products identified were acetone, peroxyacetal nitrate, and methyl nitrate (Cox et al., 1980). In a subsequent experiment, the OHinitiated photooxidation of 4-methyl-2-pentanone in a smog chamber produced acetone (90% yield) and peroxyacetal nitrate (Cox et al., 1981). Irradiation at 3130 Å resulted in the formation of acetone, propyldiene, and free radicals (Calvert and Pitts, 1966). Second-order photooxidation rate constants for the reaction of 4-methyl-2-butanone and OH radicals in the atmosphere are 1.4 x 10-10, 1.42 x 10-10, and 1.32 x 10-10 cm3/molecule⋅sec at 295, 299, and 300 K, respectively (Atkinson, 1985). The atmospheric lifetime was estimated to be 1-5 d (Kelly et al., 1994). Photolytic. Cox et al. (1980) reported a rate constant of 1.24 x 10-11 cm3/molecule⋅sec for the reaction of gaseous 4-methyl-2-pentanone with OH radicals based on a value of 8 x 10-12 cm3/molecule⋅sec for the reaction of ethylene with OH radicals. Chemical/Physical. 4-Methyl-2-pentanone will not hydrolyze in water because it does not contain a hydrolyzable functional group (Kollig, 1993). At an influent concentration of 1,000 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent

al., 1974). Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water vapor. Exposure limits: NIOSH REL: TWA 50 ppm (205 mg/m3), STEL 75 ppm (300 mg/m3), IDLH 500 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 100 ppm (410 mg/m3); ACGIH TLV: TWA 50 ppm, STEL 75 ppm (adopted). Symptoms of exposure: Mild irritant and strong narcotic (Patnaik, 1992). An irritation concentration of 410.00 mg/m3 in air was reported by Ruth (1986). Toxicity: EC50 (48-h) and EC50 (24-h) values for Spirostomum ambiguum were 9,830 and 1,482 mg/L, respectively (Nałecz-Jawecki and Sawicki, 1999). LC50 (96-h) for fathead minnows 505 mg/L (Veith et al., 1983). LC50 (48-h) and LC50 (24-h) values for Spirostomum ambiguum were 3,602 and 3,621 mg/L, respectively (Nałecz-Jawecki and Sawicki, 1999). LC50 (inhalation) for rats 8,000 ppm/4-h (quoted, RTECS, 1985). Acute oral LD50 for mice 2,671 mg/kg, rats 2,080 mg/kg (quoted, RTECS, 1985). Uses: Denaturant for ethyl alcohol; solvent for paints, varnishes, cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose lacquers, resins, fats, oils, and waxes; preparation of methyl amyl alcohol; in hydraulic fluids and antifreeze; extraction of uranium from fission products; organic synthesis.