ABSTRACT
Clinical manifestations of glomerular injury can vary from the finding of isolated hematuria or proteinuria, or both, in an asymptomatic patient on a routine medical examination to the more florid presentation as nephritic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. In addition, some patients who present with advanced renal insufficiency, hypertension, and shrunken, smooth kidneys are presumed to have chronic glomerulonephritis. In this situation, renal biopsy is more likely to show nonspecific features of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
