ABSTRACT
Anemia may be found more commonly in the elderly because the underlying pathologic conditions resulting in anemia are more common. Although anemia is defined by quantitative laboratory analysis, a detailed history and physical examination are essential to correct diagnosis. Once transfused red cells with their shortened half-life begin to disappear from the circulaion, inadequate iron replacement or nutritional complications of the primary illness may result in the development of a late postoperative anemia. Knowledge of the family history is essential to determine whether an anemia is congenital or acquired. Chronic alcohol consumption may cause anemia of several etiologies. Distance running, forced marching, and conga drumming may cause hemolytic anemia. As all anemias have an underlying etiology, it is essential that the workup proceed to a specific diagnosis before the institution of therapy. An increasingly large number of drugs are recognized as potential sources of any of several types of anemia. The medication history must include both prescription and nonprescription drugs.
