ABSTRACT

In recent years, many localization techniques have been proposed and, based on measured media, can be generally divided into two classes: dedicated and nondedicated systems. The active badge system1 is an early and famous dedicated localization technique. It uses infrared (IR) as the measured medium. In the system, a badge equipped by a user emits an IR signal with its unique identifier. Sensors installed at known locations within an area pick up the unique identifier and relay this information to a server to determine the user position. Although the techniques using the dedicated infrastructure for localization purpose can provide a higher degree of accuracy, they usually need cost-expensive, energy-consuming, and scale-limited equipments.